Assighob to vapob cab



Jan. 2, 1923.

E. A. RUSSELL.

TZI'OJITT,

AUTOMATIC CAR HEATING SYSTEM.

FILED DEC.3I,

1920. 3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

LufenIor Jan. 2, 1923.. 1,4403@ E. A. RUSSELL.

i AUTOMATIC CAR HEATING SYSTEM.

` FILED DEC. 3|, |920. 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

LI d 14.73

L f 109 f 141 Mz je Jan. 2, 1923.

E. A. RUSSELL.

AUTOMATIC CAR HEATING SYSTEM.

FILED DEC. 31,1920.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

/ HemosZZzf A Mexm Patented Jan. 2, 1923.

U IT E D EDTFLARD A... RUSSEL.T OE CHICAS-0, ILLINOXS, ASSG-NOR TOVAiPOR CAR .HEATING l COMPANY, .INOXg OF CHICAS-, ILLINQIS, ACORPORLTIDN 0F 'NEW YORK.

AUTOMATC CAR-HEATING SYSTEM.

Application sied December 31, 1320. serial No. 434,179.

f/"o .1W 'fc/win?, ai?" 922.013/ oosifrvvi lic it known thot l :icitizen oit the United Stairs. resimno et l. of floot( and ,itzite ofllllco/w;` A F lil'o here invented certero ne d useful en rl catino' iimprovements in. V`tilt-omet frsteins. of rrliich the 'tolloiriugr is aispeoication. i

lilly inreutioix relz'ites to :i cer heating; syshe i0 teni and moreespeciell to e. csr ating! sfustern which is eiitoinejozillv regulatedto maintain the cer et iosizhere et one of tivo selected temperatures.for example? the high tav-operatore duringa periods ot ocouincr o.. :let low t rope in the cor su" lino' .f'zif'ont in the train yard.

t mi' heeitino; .y ...ein controlled so as to xl@ ot' such operati hsdisclosed in n opplicet'on'ot tdword Russell i ii-rv ficissinoeigSei-*ilNo. 362,339.

'tiled Merch i920: and o moriv object ot he present invention is tomoire certain .irn-

Virownents in the cootrollin@l apporetiis ol n. c teni ot the type.disclosed in the joint op- '.iotiori. just mentioned. /iore.specifically, ie invention has for ce tain ot its objects nism 'lorthesteem vol tions to 'open end close the i'zilve hy positiiely ectini'mechanical ineens instead oi" relyins'npon to ettect 'one oi seid solvemore o employ :i rotary valve instced ot :i piston valve 'torgforerningr the inflow ot hi medium to :ind the ollttiow ot the so nefrom the radiator or radiators.. this @hooge involvingY certfii1 erroigfements in the controlling iingiroved tier of the tenioeretiire7 los.'iigrh. et Ll() the cui" etmospliere is to he Inoir tor Ad: to proi es.device. Wherehi7 5 5 d rom :1t-ic two sections B and ff.

s l circuit; .sind

view of the steam valve and associated part-s. in `positions which arethe reve-rse oit the positions oit' the corresponding parts as shown inl.

Fig. 2% is a: vertical sectional View ot a4 relay forming part ot thecontrolling' apparatus.

Fig. fl is e sectional View on line lwl ot .3 looking' upwardly asindicated hy the arrows.

Fig. 5 is o side View of the relay7 with parts in section. taken etright engles'to the plane ot Fig'. 3.

Y 6 is diagrammatic View similar to Fig. l showing); the electricalconnections in :i system en'lriloying mercmfizil thermostats instead otthe thermostaits oi: the type 'erre ployed in the oppor tus illustratedin Fig. l.

Referring tiret to ll l: A designates the steam train pipe ot railwaycar constituting? the mein ttor supply of steam to the heating;apparatus of the eer. The car s shown es furnished with s radiatorconsisting@r of l) is a. valve opened end closed'hjy elect-ric motors Eand F tor controlling the inflow ot steam to and '011t- 30W trom theradiator. In one position steam posses from the trein line throiie'hthe. vapor regulator.' ti* to the radiator and there'tioin to thethermostat chamber ot the vapor regulator. ln the other position ot' theyelve the inlet and discharge ends ofthe radiator :ire closed. a dreinport from the radiator is opened and steam is supplied to the vapor reiletoiin. sutiicient quantities to keep the .seine 'from 'treeziigz H ise. limit switch Which operates in. connection with e. relay J Forbringing'about the elterniite energiizzition ot the volvo. operating'motors and F. K is o. lowtenipereture thermos et preterolixly locatedWithin the car which, when connected so es tohe inl control, functionsto mai-intein the cor atmosphere temperature at o relatively low point,say 500 Fahrenheit. l., is a high temperature thermostat which, when incontrol of the system. maintains the cer et lnydesired temperriture otoccupo. .ejv say 7.700 Fahrenheit.k Thermostats l and L constitute thegoverningr circnithreelers olf the system. Functioning alternately,these devices govern-the movements ot' the radiator valve hy opening oodclosing` the circuits in which they are respectively located. M isaselector switch pneumaticelly actuated preferahlyhy pressure teken 'fromthe air signal line of the car tor determining Whether the lov,7temperature thermostat K or the high temperature thermostat L shall bein control. N is ya double pole circuit breaker which is preferablyprovided so that the apparatus may be disabled when desired, and Q is apressure operated circuit breaker connected with the steam train linefor lfireakingjthe electric circuit through the controllingapparatuswhen there is no steam in said train lino. P is a resistance arranged tobe in circuit with the relay l and the high temilierature and loivtemperature thermostats K and L at such time as the current flowsthrough i these .devices The valve device D comprises a. casing dividedby webs into'a central circular valve chamber 26 in which a rotary valve2T is arranged7 and around the central valve chamber 26, chambers 28,29, SO, 81, 32 and 33, A supply pipe 3&1 leads from the train pipe Athrough vapor regulator G to chamber 28. The inlet end 35 of radiatorcoil B leads from chamber 31. The return end 36 ot coil B leads tochamber 32. The inlet end 37 of coil C is connected with the return pipe36. The return end 3S oli' coil C leads to chamber 30. 39 is a pipeleading from chamber 29 to the thermostat casing o1 the vaporregulator'. The vvapor regulator is a device in common use, and consistsof a valve governing the How through the supply pipe 311 and athermostat which is actuated by the heat ot the medium dischargedthrough pipe 39. For details ot construction of the vapor regulatorreference is made to the patent to Gold No. 1,07795257 dated November d,1918. 40 is a duct leading from Chamb-r 32 to chamber 29. 411 is a drainpipe from chamber 33. The valve 27 comprises Webs 414C, 45 and lr6, andis rotated'by a lever 52 terminating in a handle 53. The lever 52 isengaged with the piece 56 which connects the cores 57, 58 of solenoids Eand F which are mounted on the top of the valve casing 25 and have beenre- Jerred to as the valve operating electric inotors. The opposite endot' lever 53 engages the movable element 62 ot limit switch l-l. A pairot'spring contacts 64, 61a are adapted to bear against the contactelement 65 on member 62. A similar pair 'of contact Springs 67, 6'?n areadapted to engage a contact element 68 on the other end Yof member 62.The arrangement is such that When the contact springs 6'?, 67a bearagainst the contact element 68 the contact element 65 is out of contactwith the springs 64, 64a, and vice versa.

The selector switch M. comprises a cylinder 69 closed at its outer endand connected. with a pipe 72 leading from the air signal line of thecar. lllithin the cylinder is a piston 73 having astud 74 adapted tobear` against a stud 5 on the inner end ot the intox/ci cylinder. Theswitch member T9 is iixed to a stem T8 on piston 73 and consists ot anannular body of insulation 8O into which are set the spaced contactrings 31, 86 a spring interposed het 7een the switch member T9 and astationary element spring pressed loch 91 is arranged in thc cylinderagainst Which the inner end ot the switch member 79 is adapted to bear.A. pair ot contact springs 96, 9T are adapted to bear against eitherinsulation 80 or one or other ot the contact rings 817 When )ressure isexerted through pipe 'T2 against piston '73 the contact springs 96. bearagainst ring 81. lwlhen the loclr 91. is raised spring 86 forces vtheswitch member and piston TS to the right (assuming7 that is, that thereis no air pressure against the piston) bringing the springs 96, 97 intoContact with ring` 82. ililith the lock in the posit-ion shovfn in thedrawings the spring contacts bear against the insulation 8O and thecircuit through the selector switch broken.

The reray l is preferably constructed as follows: 100 is metal' casingin 'which is arranged a magnet coil 101 wound on a spool 102 which ishollow to receive a core v103. 1011 is a disc ot the same magnetizablemetal as casing 100, arranged just belowr the coil. The core 103 arriespole piece 105 held in place by a nut 106 on a screw 10i' set into theend ot the core. @n the lower end ot this screvvv is a contact plate 168held. in place by nuts 109. An annular libre block 110 is i ned to thelower end ot casing 100 and is termed on its under side ivitli atransverse' recess 111. The contact vplate 108 on the core is adapted,.in the lov-.fer position' ot the core, when the relay is deenenginedlto bear upon a pair oi" silver Contact points 112 on opiiositelj.'disposed Contact plates 113q 114-.. wWhen the relay is energiaezl theContact plate 10S bears against corresponding` contact points on a pairot contact plate: 115, 116 dianietrically arranged 'with respect to eachother.y at right angles to the contact plates 113, 11eL and secured tothe recessed Aportion 111 oi the annular meniber 110. VThe contactplates are provided With any suitable binding posts 117.. 116 arebinding posts tor the YWires leading to and from the coil 101.

The circuit breaker C' consists oit a casing 119 arranged at the end ota pipe 120 which communicates iv' the steaml train line A, the outer endo the casing being closed by a flexible diapl fin 1.21 provide-l with astein 122 carrying a switch member 123 adapted to close the circuitthrough any one vot the elf-mtrical conductors which alxtavs carries cnr'it fit such times as the contr/ol apparatus is in operation.

The switch ll i oivn ^is an ordinary bipolar lrniife The thermostats land L are shown cli,

Gi chan brim;

, "7) J 5@ rim' n virages @hun watch' Soul ,d

growl membro@ ab ,vo

Y2 Comhwtor the tonporaturo is; broken 1, colltflr v ou, thr

F now moves; the lvalve D *so its closedpoSW-ohhs shownin Fig, steam iS;huit of? rom t A@ radiator; Water o' Coudo sation n the inlet" pipo 35of Coil B drains `through chamber 31, 'chambers 26, 33 and drain Dip-a41:1. WzL-tor im 'the discharge and 3G of coil Pv drains throughAoozxmbol.' 32, du :"5 40, chamber Q9 :11rd discharge pig The outlet on@fwgfof cor@ drains through Chamber 30, chamber 2@ chamber 33 and drainpipe i-l. Sezrm 'V m the train pipo and valve regualor is short orcuedto the thermostat chamber of che regula-tor through olflamhors QS7 Shnd29 offahro D mld plpo JuSt enough steam will benlv`m'\.l to pass,through operaion of the Vapor regguoor hermosmtr to 'keep'the vaporregulatorhot. y o r f The limit swich is moved. it observed, to breakcircuit No B will be 67 57a and to bsmsgj commet springs 6@ 6Aa against'contar element 65 w'rereby when vulve .D

he opene if-agah1 current can. p "sns to Loo r E over thls path;Thmtakes place Wohn he temperature- `ig/Jdoe Q rfalls below roodeenergized, lit/laping .contact plate 1 ()6 against contacts 119, 114.momentary circuit is closed through the mot-or it, as rollows:

Circuit No. aff-Circuit lo. 1 to binding` post 138, conductor 139 tobinding post 144, conductor 145, winding or motor E, conductor 146,contact spring 64 ci? the limit switch, contact element 65, Contactspring 64a, conductor 147 contact 113 or' the relay, Contact plate 106,contact 114, conductor 142 to binding post 143 in conductor 131, andthence by circuit No. 1 to the battery.

Valve D is moved to its open position and the circuit just described isbroken at 64, 64?L by movement oi" the limit switch.

lhen the car is to be occupied'the high temperature thermostat L is vputin control of the heating system. This is ypreferably accomplishedautomatically through pressure in the signal line oit the train. As soonas a train is vmade up and the cars connected with the locomotive thesignal train line sections are coupled and airlet into thesignal line.This circumstance is taken advantage of in order to-automatical shiftthe control of' the heating system from thermostat K to thermostat L.The latter, it will be assumed, functions to maintain the cartemperature at Fahrenheit. Air pressure from the signal line passesthrough pipe .7 2 to cylinder 69 of the selector switch and moves piston73 to the left bringing contact springs 96, 9T

against the contact ring 81. The selector switch 'is arranged in circuitwith the high temperature thermostat L. v

Let it be assumed now that the high temperature thermostat is in controland `the car temperature below 7 0. The arc member 125n ot high.temperature thermostat vL will be in contact with contact point 126a andselector switch springs 96, 97 in contact with contact ring 81. Valve Dwill be open and the radiator receiving steam. The electric circuitthrough the high temperature therinostat will be as follows:

f Cz'rcm't No. 5.Circuit No. 1 asbefore traced to binding post 14S, thenconductor 149, high temperature thermostat L, conductor 150, contactspring 96 or selector switch M, contact ring 81, contact spring 97,conductor'151, to binding post 152 in conductor 131, thence by circuitNo. 1 to battery.

' When this circuit is brolren at 1253126, which occurs it thecartemoerature reaches 70o. current will be shunted through relay J asdescribed in connection with the low temperature control, the currentiiowing through the relay circuit described, namely, circuit No. 2. As aresult there will be a momentary circuit established through motor F toclose valve D, namely, circuitNo. 3. y

When the temperature again falls to a point below 70o the hightemperature thermostat will close its circuit and a momentary lbeterethe locomori lpleted through the selectorl sw ieionoi circuit will beestablished through the valve opening motor namely, circuit No. 4.

Although during the control by the low temperature thermostat K the arcmember 125 oit' the high temperature thermostat L was iii contact,necessarily, `ith contact point 126, the high temperature thermostatwa,l disabled because its circuit was opened at 96, 97 oit the selectorswitch. VJhen the temperature 0;? the car is above 50 and the circuitthrough the high temperature thermostat closed at the selector switch sothat the high temperature thermostat is in control. its intendedfunctioning is not interfered with by the low temperature tlieimost t,the circuit through which is necessarily broken at f125, 126. 1t theselector switch be put under pressure while the car temperature is below50 circuits will be closed through both high and low -temperaturetiermostats, but this will not do any harm. Vf hen the lcircuit throughthe low temperature thermostat is broken at 50O the circuit through thehigh temperature thermostat will remain closed, and valve D open untilTOO isreached.

1t maA appcn that the car will be broucglit to a station and there standJfor some time is attached to the rain. 1n such it may be desirable tobring the car temperature up to the temperature et occupancy withoutwaiting` tor the attachment oi the locomotive and the consequentpneumatic actuation oit selector switch M. For this reason the selectorswitch provided with the icclzii device 91 which, when disengv d` fromthe switch member 79, allows spr ng 86 to torce the switch member toposition which will bri 5 contact springs 96, 97 au" inst the Contactring 62. thus closing the high temperature thermostat circuit at theselector switch. When this is done the high temperature thermostat Lwill be in control to raise the teni-- perature to ZOO and maintain it gthat point As soon, hcwercr, as air 'troni the train s" ial line entersthe cylinder, which is when the lccoinotire is attached to the train,the switch member .vill be moved to the other extreme posi ion in wi nhthe high temperature thermostat circuit will be com- 'tch at 96. 81',9'?. rEhe locking device 91 drop into its holding position iii readinessto stoii the switch member at neutral when pi'..ssi.ire

troni the signa-l. line cut Vthis arrangement the high temperaturethermostat can be put in control by 'manuel operation or the selectswitch but as soon'as pres- `al line is re-estalilishcd the continuedcon e ther Aiostat `depends upon the existence or' the signal linepressure.

The control apparatus above described, it will be observed, involves theemployment circuitsI which are norcrciiits. In orde 1 the ai oe :invatmanually, ircuit 4 le' .icseil aut 64,. 65, 64, energizing motor Ewhich immediately retu ns the vulve to itsl open position.

` is cesired toco: cl the system me* d e electric cr put cut olioperation N, in which case f i l) may be ated by hund in the su wey wayvalve in the ci 'iary Vapor ing system is operfited` When the electricalcontrol system is employed, as contemplated, the consumption of currentis relutiyely si ull. vt hue been estimuted at about .63 ai seres, onthe for the time the system is in operation. i current required met'faire l) momentary cuimeiut. No cu rent is used 1cticldin the .Valve ineither position. This is possible because ci the low' pressure of theearn bundled by the valve.

Jmostats o'fi en 7 suitable` type may be q i e thcrmostuts K and ly.

e wiring; arrangieo" apparatus maj-le pening the switch open tourheutithe mercuriul tj which close their reso ctii'e circuits on `eruture togiven por icept 'for to be le- Vug and a certe1 i in the contacts ci theswitch 'memi'. selector to itch, the a the seme as that shown the pre i.iig., ures und in Fig. 6 the saine reference numerels and letters usedin connection with ceding` figures are employed tor d s ,ingrcorrespondiniv parts oif the apga- `ln the arrauo'ement shown in Fig?.is a mercuri therm 7, the niercury column 153 ol' which i apted to maltecontact with con point 154 in the tube itt a relatively." hw;tcmgierature, for example, 50O Fahrenheit. l-/ifis a high temperaturethermostat of similur coin struction but with thel contact point 156,with which its mercury column 157 is adapted to contact, at a higherlevel. The switch member 79 of the selectir switch M is provided with usingley contact ring 158 errenged between twoinsulating bodies 159,

The brushes 96 97 beer on the vcontact ring; 158 when there .is no airpressure in l' e sion'illine. That is to say, when the low te rcthern'iostat is in control circuit is 'closed by the selector switchinstead ot being' open as in the othery i'orm orthe appara n theselector switchbreali:- ing this circuit when the signal line is unhdei' pre ire so as to placethehigh temperature thermostat iiicontrol.;,. -V Y Fig. 6` showsthe apparatus in the position which the.parts assume. when the .temperatureis below COFehrenheitand there is noair pressure in the signal line. (yard temperature), The radiator isreceiving steam. The current flowing through relay l along` a circuit asfollows: i y

Circuit No. 6 Battery Q, conductor 160, member 128` ci? switchyN,conductor 161, resistance P, conductor 162, relay J, conductor 163,member 132 of switch N, conductor 164 to the battery.

Thef relay beingv energized. has. raised its armature 10S against theupper contacts iis, 116. a Y

As soon as the mercury column 153 of low temperature thermostatl reaches`contact 154 the circuit is closed (the low tempera ture thermostatcircuit) which deenergizes the, relay J.V This circuit is as followsU/rcutt No. 7.-Circuit No.l 6 to binding post 165, conductor166conductor 167 in contact with the mercury column, contact point154,conch1ctor` 168, brush 96, cont-act ring; 158, brush 97 (of 'theselector switch M) lconductor 169, conductor163, switch arm 132 andconductor 164'v to battery.

The relay'armature falls to theilowercontacts 113, 114, and a circuit isclosed, momentarily, through the motor F operatingyalVe D, which circuitis as follows:

('z'rcuzf N0. 8.-(ircuit No. 6 to binding post 170, conductor 171,conductor 172,'motor F, conductor 173, brush 67, contact 68 and brush67L (of the limit switch H) conductor 174, contact 113, armature 108 ofthe relay, Contact 114, conductor 175, conductor 163, switch member 132and conductor 164 to the battery.

This circuit is broken by the limit Aswitch H as soon as valve D hasbeeny operated to shutoff inflow of steam tothe radiator.

Ittemperature falls below 500 the low temperature thermostat circuit(circuit No. 7) is broken and relay J energized to raise its armature,current flowing to tl e relay along' circuit No. 6, a momentary circuitis now closed through motor E which is as follows:

Circuit No. 9; Circuit No. 8 to binding` post 176, conductor 177, motorE, conductor 17 8, brush 64, contact 65, and brush 64ZL (of the .limitswitch), conductor 179, contact 115, armature 108 of therelay,'contact'116, conductors 175, 163, switch arm 132 and conductor164 to the battery.

The motor E now reopens valve D, the circuit through E being broken at64, 64a throughoperation of the limitswitch.

Assuming now that the selector switch M has been moved, either manuallyor by air pressure from the air signal line through pipe72 to bringbrushes 96, 97 in contact with the insulation 159, for the purpose otputting the high temperature thermostat incontrol oi? the system, andassuming further. that the temperature ot the car .isbetween 50oFahrenheit and 70o Fahrenheit, the .radiating coils will be receivingsteam and the armature relay J raised. The circuit through the relayunder these conditions is the same as that .described as circuit No. 6..1

.As soon as the mercury column 157 of the high temperature thermostatreaches its contact point'156 a circuit will be closed (high temperaturethermostat circuit) deenergizing the relay, this circuit being asfollows:

Circuit No. 10.-(lircuit No. 7 to binding post 180, conductor 181, whichis in contact with the mercury column 157, contact point 156, conductor182, conductors 169, 163, switch member 132 and conductor 164i tobattery. f

The relay now drops its armature to contacts 113, 1M, and a momentarycircuit established. through the motor F heretofore described as circuitNo. 8.

When the temperature falls to break the high temperature thermostatcircuit at the thermostat L motor E is energized by a current flowingover the circuit described as circuit No. 9.

I claim:

1. In a car heating system, the combination with a source of supply otheating medium and a radiator, ot electrically acituated apparatus torcontrolling the circulation ot the heating medium through the radiatorhaving a normally closed circuit and comprising a circuit breaker torgoverning the operation of said apparatus, and means independent of saidcircuit breaker whereby the electric current ot the controllingapparatus is shut off in the absence of heating medium in said source ofsupply.

2. In a car heating system, the combination with a source ot supply ofsteam andL a radiator, of electrically actuated. apparatus having acircuit adapted to be closed when the heating system is not in operationfor controlling the circulation ot' steam through the radiatorcomprising two circuit breakers, a thermostat toroperating one oil saidcircuit breakers, and means governed bythe pressure of steam 'in saidsource of supply for operating the other circuit breaker.`

per. ^its a fion' of electric current through said controlling apparatusonly when there is steam pressure in the train pipe.

4%. ln a car heating system, the combination with a source ot supply ofheating mediumand a radiator. of means tor controlthe circulation oi'heating medium radiator com'irising valve y r c motors tor moving the vemen'il'ier in opposite directions, a limit switch operated bythemovements ot said valve member which breaks the circuit through eachmotor as soon as such motor has completed the movement o1 the valve,thermostatic means in the car which governs the energizingy ot saidmotors, and selecting means whereby the thermostatic means may be madeto maintain the car atmosphere at either one of two dilierenttemperatures.

In a car heating system, the combination with a source oi supply ofheating medium and a radiator, o1 a valve to control the circulation otmedium through the radiator', electrically operated means having twocircuits adapted to be closed alternately to move the valve iirst in onedirection and then in the other, a relay 'to close one of said circuitsand open the other in alternation, and a circuit breaking thermostat tocontrol the energization of said relay.

-6. In a car heating system, the combination with a source ot' supply ofheating medium and a radiator, of a valve to coatrol the circulation oimedium through the radiator, electrically operated means having twocircuits adapted to be closedI alternately to move the valve iirst inone direction and then in the other, a relay to close one of saidcircuits and open the other in alternation, and a circuit breakingthermostat to control the energization et' said relay, the relay circuitbeingin parallel with the thermostat circuit and the current requirementot the relay such that it is energized only when the thermostatcircuit-is broken.

7. In a car heating system, the combination with a steam train pipe andcar radiator, oli a valve to control the. circulation through theradiator, two electricl motors, one to open the valve and the other toclose the same, a relay having a switch member which opens and' closesin alternation the circuits through said electric motors, and athermostat to govern the energization and deenergization ot said relay.

stat, a pair ot electric motors torimoring the rali/c in oppositedirections, a limit itch operated by said yalve iI break motor circuitsat the complet-ion o the are m'overnentst and a relay for opening andclosing motorA circuits in alterna-- tion, the thermostat circuitsandrelay circuit being in paralleh andthe current rev(purement oi? therelay such that it is not ac'tijlated while current is ilowing througheither oit the thermostat circuits.

ln a car heating s stein, the combination with a steam train pipe and araciator olf a valve lor controlling the circulation of s i nthroupfhfthe rzuliatorj a louv tempera-- ture circuit breakingthermostat in the car, which closes its circuit Whenthe car temperaturerises to a certain point a high temperature circuit breaking thermostatin the car which closes its circuit when the car temperature rises to al"`"hei`- point, a pressure actuated selector sur fh in circuit with thehigh temperature `thermostat7 a pair of electric motors tor moving' thevalve in opposite directions, a limit switch operared by said valve lorbreaking'the motor circuits at the completion ot the Amlve movements` arelay tor opening and closing` said motor circuits in alterna-'tiem thethermost circuits and relay circuit being; in parallel7 and the currentrequirement of the relay such that it is not actuated 'while current isflowing; through either `oi" the thermostat circuits, and pressureactuated circuit breaker in one of the common leads ol" the aforesaidelectrically operated mechanisms Whicii is subject to pressure in saidsteam train pipe andwhich breaks its current in the absence of steam insaid train pipe. y l0. ln a car heating system the combination. with asteam train pipe and car radiator, oi? a valve to control 'thecirculation through the radiaton t-Wo electric motors, one to open theValve and the other to cl V-ie the saine, a relay haring); a switchmember fwhich opens and closes, in alternation:` the temperat-ure thermotrol the energization ot the relay, and a scf-- lector switch Lordetermining` which el said tl ermostats shall be control ot the system.ll.. in combination with he radiator? source ot supply ot' heatingmedium and control Valve et a railway car ieating' system, a circuitbreaking` thermostat in the car7 electrically actuated motor toroperating the control valve, the circuit of which motor is in parallelwith the thermostat circuit, a relay for opening and closing the motorcircuit arranged in a closed shunt :trom the thermostat circuit` thecurrent requiremei'it cli the relay beinlg'such that it is energizedonly when the thermostat circuit is broken', and means lj'or breaking;the motor circuit at the end ot the Valve movementl2. ln combinationwith a radiator,r source et supply of heating medium and control valveet a railway car heatingsystem, a circuit breaking thermostat in thecar, an electrically actuated motor for operating` the control rali/e,the circuit oic which motor is in parallel with the thermostat circuit,a relay tor opening and closing the motor circuit arranged in a closedshunt from the thermostat circuit, the current requirement et the relaybeing` such that it is energized only When the thermostat circuit isbroken. and means operated by the Valve tor brealrthe motor circuit atthe end oit' the value movement.

i3. lo combination. with the steam and air train pipes of a railway car,a radiator having a valve and mechanism for controlling` the operationot' said Valve comprising two circuit breaking` thermostats one ot whichcloses its circuit at a higher temperature than the other7 a relay inparallel with said thermostats, the current requirement oi which is suchthat it is energized only when the circuits ot .said thermostats areopen, and circuit breaker actuated through change oiS pressure in theair train pipe. l

le. ln combination with the steam and train pipes of railway car, aradiator hav- Valve and mechanism for controlling' the operation ot saidiralve comprising a pair of electric motors for opening and closing' thevalve respectively, a relay to direct the current to one or other ofsaid motors, two circuit breaking thermostats one ot which closes itscircuit at a higher temperature than the other, said relay being.;` inparallel with said thermostats and its current requirement such that itis energized only when the circuits ot said thermostats are open, and acircuit breaker actuated through changes oli pressure in said air trainpipe in the circuit ot the lou7 ltemperature thermostat.

'EDWARD A. RUSSELL.

